Distinct expression and function of carotenoid metabolic genes and homoeologs in developing wheat grains.

On the other hand, an increasing trend in the ratio of β,ε-/β,β-carotene branch (β,ε/β,β) carotenoids was evident for stages 3–5 of grain pericarp (Tables 1 and 2 ), indicating a shift in carotenoid accumulation favoring the α-carotene/lutein branch relative to the β-carotene/zeaxanthin branch (Fig. 1 ).

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