did not achieve significanceP > 0.05
All three outcomes tended to be shorter in the chewing gum arm than the no-treatment arm, but these differences did not achieve significance (all P > 0.05; Table 2 ).
All three outcomes tended to be shorter in the chewing gum arm than the no-treatment arm, but these differences did not achieve significance (all P > 0.05; Table 2 ).