Food-grade TiO<sub>2</sub> impairs intestinal and systemic immune homeostasis, initiates preneoplastic lesions and promotes aberrant crypt development in the rat colon.

Sci Rep · 2017 · PMC5247795 · PMID 28106049

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

Despite an increasing trend at the highest dose, no significant difference in the number of ACF per colon was observed between the groups of rats ( Fig. 5c ).

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at the limit of significanceno p-value reported

Only a small increase in IL-1β secretion at the limit of significance was observed, and hence without signs of a potent inflammatory cascade in the tissues.

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