Assessing and enhancing quality through outcomes-based continuing professional development (CPD): a review of current practice.

However, the majority of reviews indicate that activities that enhance participant activity, use multiple exposures to content, encourage reflection on current practices, provide opportunities to practise skills and help clinicians identify gaps between current performance and an identified standard often result in highly significant changes in practice, and, in some instances, patient outcomes ( Mann and others 1997 , O'Brien and others 2001 , Bloom 2005 , Marinopoulos and others 2007 , Drexel and others 2010 ).

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