Antibiotic resistance is linked to carriage of papC and iutA virulence genes and phylogenetic group D background in commensal and uropathogenic Escherichia coli from infants and young children.

Resistance was more common among urinary than among fecal strains within each phylogenetic group, the difference being highly significant for groups B2 and D strains ( p = 0.009 and p = 0.003, respectively) and of borderline sig-nificance for groups B1 and A strains ( p = 0.05 for both).

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