The Arctic in the Twenty-First Century: Changing Biogeochemical Linkages across a Paraglacial Landscape of Greenland.

For example, chironomids can fertilize soils adjacent to lakes when they emerge as adults (an estimated potential local load of 0.5 kg N per hectare per year N and 0.05 kg P per hectare per year N), and water birds such as geese and ducks may be significant vectors (van der Wal et al., 2007 ).

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