Is Exposure to Animal Feces Harmful to Child Nutrition and Health Outcomes? A Multicountry Observational Analysis.

Indeed, there are highly significant and robust associations between observed animal feces and maternal and child cleanliness (with odds ratios that vary between 0.52 and 0.71), although there are no significant associations with toilet or water facilities, except in the case of hygienic toilets in Vietnam.

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We found weaker associations between observed animal feces and the prevalence of morbidity symptoms, though we did observe a marginally significant odds ratio in the diarrhea model for Bangladesh.

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