4 , 5 As epicardial leads are more prone to failure, 6 there has been an increasing trend toward placing transvenous atrial leads within the Fontan pathway. 1 In patients with lateral tunnel Fontans, these implants have been shown to have stable atrial sensing characteristics over follow-up and lower implantation capture thresholds than epicardial leads, without significantly different rates of complications.
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Trans-Fontan baffle placement of an endocardial systemic ventricular pacing lead.
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