Identifying baseline immune-related biomarkers to predict clinical outcome of immunotherapy.

In aggressive subtypes of breast cancer, gene signatures believed to reflect anti-tumor involvement of T cells (CTL and Th cells) or B cells (namely plasma cells) have been shown to exhibit highly significant positive associations with OS and recurrence-free survival of patients [ 62 – 64 , 67 – 70 ], as well as pathologic complete response in the neoadjuvant setting [ 71 – 75 ].

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