Urinary metabolomics study on the protective role of Orthosiphon stamineus in Streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus in rats via ¹H NMR spectroscopy.

Based on the set criteria of pathway impact value greater than 0.1, seven other disturbed metabolic pathways were also identified to be highly significant, namely, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, butanoate metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, citrate cycle (TCA cycle), and glycolysis or gluconeogenesis (Figs. 7 , 8 and 9 ).

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