Similarities and Differences between Individuals Seeking Treatment for Gambling Problems vs. Alcohol and Substance Use Problems in Relation to the Progressive Model of Self-stigma.

In line with the second hypothesis, which compared the groups with regard to each stage individually, the analyses revealed differences for the aware stage between participants in the gambling group and those in the alcohol and other substance use groups (with the alcohol group the difference was marginally significant).

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With regard to the first assumption, which posits that mean scores in early stages should be higher than the following ones, in all three groups differences were found between the first two stages of the model – aware and agree versus the other two stages – apply and harm (in the gambling group this difference came close to significance).

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