While inhibition of NF-κB p65 phosphorylation was highly significant at a very low concentration of kaempferol (25 μM), phosphorylation of STAT3 was inhibited only at higher concentration of kaempferol at 50 and 100 μM.
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STAT3 and NF-κB are common targets for kaempferol-mediated attenuation of COX-2 expression in IL-6-induced macrophages and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema.
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