Regeneration of glycocalyx by heparan sulfate and sphingosine 1-phosphate restores inter-endothelial communication.

In the meantime, in the absence of widely adopted approaches to reinforce the vascular GCX, implementation of our innovative approach in basic cell culture studies, pre-clinical in vivo studies, and, potentially, in clinical settings( Fig 5 ) will be highly significant to advance GCX knowledge and to better address endothelial-dependent disease processes.

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