highly significantp < .001
Follow-up paired t tests (Bonferroni adjusted) show no difference between concrete and irrelevant explanations for either experiment but a highly significant difference between concrete and abstract in both Experiment 1a , t (60) = 3.69, p < .001, d = 0.47, and Experiment 1b , t (60) = 4.12, p < .001, d = 0.53.