a trend toward significanceP =0.070
However, the result for BMI suggests a negative effect of PAI‐1 on BMI with a trend toward significance (β=−0.07, P =0.070; Table 2 ), which contradicts most epidemiological studies demonstrating a positive association. 45 , 46 Therefore, we further investigated the causal effect of BMI on PAI‐1 levels using 77 genome‐wide significant loci identified in a large BMI GWAS in European populations (Data S1 ). 36 This result shows that BMI has a causal effect on PAI‐1 in the positive direction (β: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.29; Table S3 ), and was consistent with sensitivity analyses using a median estimator approach and MR‐Egger regression to test for potential pleiotropic effects.