Profiling of Plasma Metabolites Suggests Altered Mitochondrial Fuel Usage and Remodeling of Sphingolipid Metabolism in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes and Kidney Disease.

23 , 24 , 25 This is suggested by elevated levels of amino acid−derived acylcarnitines (C3, C5, C3-DC, C4-DC, C5-DC, and C6-DC) and lower plasma levels of tyrosine and tryptophan in participants with DKD ( P = 0.002 and P = 0.014 in an unadjusted model, borderline significance after adjustment for age, sex, and ethnicity) ( Table S1 ).

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