Rationale and Design of the Genetic Contribution to Drug Induced Renal Injury (DIRECT) Study.

In previous studies examining the genetic predisposition to drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and serious skin reactions, the associations between certain polymorphisms in HLA and aforementioned injuries were highly significant. 5 , 6 In a study of DILI caused by flucloxacillin, possession of the HLA-B5701* allele was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 80.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 22.8−284.9) for this adverse effect. 5 The HLA-A*3101 allele, with a prevalence of 2% to 5% in Northern Europeans, was found to be a

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