Moreover, unlike Cas9 and Cas12, the TnpB homologs from the V-U loci show highly significant similarity to the transposon proteins, allowing construction of robust phylogenetic trees, which strongly support independent origin of Class 2 effectors from different TnpB subfamilies ( Shmakov etal. 2017 ).
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Mobile Genetic Elements and Evolution of CRISPR-Cas Systems: All the Way There and Back.
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