highly significantp < 0.001
Both Wilk’s Λ and Pillai’s trace were highly significant ( p < 0.001) for each of the single IVs (treatment, exposure time and cultivar), for the two-way interactions (treatment ∗ exposure time, treatment ∗ cultivar, exposure time ∗ cultivar) and the three-way interaction treatment ∗ exposure time ∗ cultivar.