Among several transcription factors maintaining the Warburg effect (mainly driven by MYC and HIF-1α with loss of regulatory p53 function) [ 10 ] those responding to low oxygen levels are highly significant, since low oxygen conditions (5% O 2 as opposed 18–20% ambient O 2 ) improve blastocyst stage embryo culture in a number of species [ 11 ].
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Metabolic Pathways of the Warburg Effect in Health and Disease: Perspectives of Choice, Chain or Chance.
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