Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Stroke-Induced Upper Limb Motor Deficit: A Meta-Analysis.

The results showed a significant enhancing effect of MEP in the affected hemisphere (SMD = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.02–0.74; P = 0.04) without heterogeneity ( I 2 = 0%) ( Figure 4(a) ) and a highly significant suppressing effect of MEP in the unaffected hemisphere (SMD = −0.83, 95% CI = −1.13 to −0.54; P < 0.0001), without significant heterogeneity ( I 2 = 18%) ( Figure 4(b) ). 3.3.2. rMTs in Both Hemispheres Four studies ( N = 121) [ 26 , 28 , 32 , 34 ] assessed the effect of LF-rTMS on rMT of the affected hemisphere by using the fixed-effect model that showed a large suppressing effect size (SMD = −1.00, 95% CI = −1.90 to −0.11; P = 0.03; I 2 = 79%) ( Figure 4(c) ).

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