Increasingly inbred and fragmented populations of Plasmodium vivax associated with the eastward decline in malaria transmission across the Southwest Pacific.

By 2013 however, diversity was lower with borderline significance ( H s = 0.79, p = 0.055, Wilcoxon signed rank test), the proportion of closely related haplotypes ( P s>0.50) more than doubled, effective population sizes halved ( Table 1 ) and multilocus LD increased to significance ( Table 2 ).

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