Public policies, which often reflect governments’ intentions to reduce and eliminate the practice of shifting cultivation (Fox 2000 : 4), are identified as highly significant in pushing swidden farmers towards different livelihoods or from the land, either directly through eradication efforts and bans or indirectly through limitations on the recognition of ownership in shifting cultivation and by pushing for agricultural intensification and commodification (Dressler et al . 2017 : 14 of 20; cf.
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A Case Study on the Persistence of Swidden Agriculture in the Context of Post-2015 Anti-Haze Regulation in West-Kalimantan.
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