Stem cells in middle ear cholesteatoma contribute to its pathogenesis.

Sci Rep · 2018 · PMC5906547 · PMID 29670222

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Simulating a bacterial infection characteristic for cholesteatoma, we observed a highly significant increase in expression of TNF-α in ME-CSCs in response to treatment with the TLR4-ligand LPS in comparison to ACSCs and untreated ME-CSCs (Fig. 5B ).

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