Prenatal fine particulate exposure associated with reduced childhood lung function and nasal epithelia GSTP1 hypermethylation: Sex-specific effects.

Associations between GSTP1 percent methylation and child spirometry In the sample as a whole, high percent methylation was associated with decreases in FEV 1 (z-score = − 0.38, p = 0.06) and FEF 25–75 (z-score = − 0.38, p = 0.05), adjusting for maternal age and education (Table 3 , Model 1) although associations did not quite reach statistical significance at the p < 0..05 level.

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The association between higher GSTP1 percent methylation and decreased FEV1 was borderline significant in the sample as a whole ( β = − 0.37, SE = 0.20, p = 0.06) and in boys in stratified analyses ( β = − 0.56, SE = 0.29, p = 0.05).

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