The <i>Drosophila</i> TGF-beta/Activin-like ligands Dawdle and Myoglianin appear to modulate adult lifespan through regulation of 26S proteasome function in adult muscle.

In our study, although the mean life span reduction through the expression of either a Babo RNAi or a Smox RNAi transgene showed some sex differences, there is, nevertheless, an overall trend towards a shorter lifespan when these common Activin signal transduction components are knocked down either ubiquitously in adults ( Fig. 2 A,B) or in muscle tissues only ( Fig. 2 G).

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