Most reports on patients with NBNC‐HCC in East Asia have been retrospective reviews and only assumed that NAFLD, alcoholism, and DM might be significant risk factors for HCC. 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 A limitation among these studies of nonviral HCC is that few studies stratified the patients by underlying etiology; this is essential because the etiology of the underlying liver disease could be an important codeterminant in the clinical disease course and the underlying molecular pathogenesis.
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Metabolic risk factors are associated with non-hepatitis B non-hepatitis C hepatocellular carcinoma in Taiwan, an endemic area of chronic hepatitis B.
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