highly significantP ≤ 0.001
Furthermore, according to the Tukey honest significant difference (HSD) pairwise comparison ( Table S1 ), the carotenoid contents of the chloroform, acetone and hexane extracts, represented by spectral signals of fucoxanthin, astaxanthin, violaxanthin and lutein, were highly significant ( P ≤ 0.001) compared to those in the methanol and 70% ethanol extracts.