at the limit of significancep = 0.051
The aggregated data across studies indicated that the incremental beliefs were associated with higher levels of students' achievement in Asia ( k = 9, r = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.07, 0.17; p < 0.001), Oceania (Australia) ( k = 8, r = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.09, 0.34; p < 0.001), and at the limit of significance in North America ( k = 33, r = 0.10, 95% CI = −0.00, 0.19; p = 0.051) but were not significant for Europe ( k = 20, r = 0.04; 95% CI = −0.01, 0.10; p = 0.119).