highly significantp -value < 0.05
The likelihood ratio test for μ 1 = 0 has p -value = 0.3217 and σ 1 = 0 has p -value = 0.0045, which indicates that the linear trend in location parameter is not significant at the 5% significance level ( p -value > 0.05), whereas the linear trend in scale parameter is highly significant ( p -value < 0.05) in the model.