Complex polymorphisms in endocytosis genes suggest alpha-cyclodextrin as a treatment for breast cancer.

Screening for cis-epistatic regions (which may plausibly have evaded selective pressure) prioritizes biologically plausible results while de-emphasizing individual SNPs, which may be significant because of population selection biases, unless they cause exclusively late-onset phenotypes, such as age-related macular degeneration.[ 86 ] Avoiding strong model assumptions (additivity, independence) reduces model misspecification biases.

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This approach avoids over-fitting (highly significant results based on a small subset of unusual subjects) without the need to choose arbitrary regularization cut-offs.[ 24 ] 2.1.

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