highly significantp < 0.001
Furthermore, comparison of IGF-1 between short-term survivors (1st quartile of time to death among deceased) and long-term (4th quartile of time to death among deceased) overall survival revealed a highly significant difference of IGF-1 levels (median IGF-1: 34.3 ng/mL vs. 54.8 ng/mL; p < 0.001).