Evolution of gene dosage on the Z-chromosome of schistosome parasites.

While the reduced number of genes often leads to a loss of significance within each sex, the general results hold whether or not we consider the ancestral level of expression: (i) a highly significant (***P-value < 0.0001) male-biased expression of the Z, with (F:M)Z/(F:M)A ratio from 0.52 to 0.77, is always observed.

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