Analytical Model for the Duty Cycle in Solar-Based EH-WSN for Environmental Monitoring.

We can now introduce the linear approximation into Equation ( 39 ) and isolate D C to obtain the following result: (42) D C 100 = E o u t ( T D ) I r x V T D − ( σ ( X ) + 1 ) E l D A R I r x V T r n d Note that, in fact, this equation defines a threshold value for D C : if the real D C is larger, then the energy available at the node, E ( t , X ) , exhibits a decreasing trend until the node eventually reaches a blocking status; in contrast, if it is smaller, the trend is increasing but evolving towards a flat as the node energy approaches the capacity of the energy buffer.

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