Ensemble statistics accessed through proxies: Range heuristic and dependence on low-level properties in variability discrimination.

A highly significant range-variance congruency, F (1, 29) = 37.9, p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.12, suggests that participants were more accurate when range and variance conveyed consistent information ( M = 75%, SD = 6.3%), compared to the incongruent condition ( M = 67%, SD = 5.5%).

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Lastly, a marginally significant interaction between fill and range-variance congruency, F (1, 29) = 3.4, p = 0.08, suggested that the range-variance congruency advantage for outlined circles (10.2%) trended toward larger than the one for filled circle arrays (6.9%).

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