Exposure to a nicotinoid pesticide reduces defensive behaviors in a non-target organism, the rusty crayfish Orconectes rusticus.

We found a highly significant interaction ( F 15,115 = 4.279, p < 0.001) between pesticide concentration and duration of exposure, where crayfish exposed to higher concentrations of imidacloprid began to show a greater frequency of the neutral response after shorter exposure durations compared to those exposed to lower concentrations (Fig. 2 ).

also in 132,142 other papers