Estimating Vaccine-Driven Selection in Seasonal Influenza.

We found a greater, but marginally nonsignificant ( p = 0.05 ), abundance of vaccine-unmatched (non-targeted), relative to vaccine-matched (targeted) influenza B lineages in the United States compared to Europe over this period ( Figure 4 ).

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When we examined influenza B, we found marginally significant differences in the ratios of vaccine-matched and unmatched lineages between the United States and Europe, though small sample sizes limit statistical power.

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