Pre-diagnosis plasma immune markers and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in two prospective cohort studies.

11 Another small nested case-control study reported a significant 2.5-fold increase in NHL risk in women with elevated soluble IL-2 receptor-α levels (sIL-2Rα; a marker of T-cell activation and IL-2 upregulation), and marginally significant increases in NHL risk in women with higher pre-diagnosis tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and soluble TNF-receptor-2 (sTNF-R2) levels. 14 These findings collectively suggest that chronic B-cell stimulation has a role in lymphomagenesis in immunocompetent persons.

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