Programmed death ligand 1 expression in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and its association with prognosis and CD8⁺ T-cell immune responses.

32 Nevertheless, our study revealed a highly significant concordance of expression of PD-L1 with the presence of CD8 + T-cell infiltrates, but only rarely ICC patients exhibited positive PD-L1 expression, possibly indicating that only a small proportion of ICC patients will respond to anti-PD-L1/PD-1 therapy.

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