Instantaneous frequency from Hilbert-Huang transformation of digital volume pulse as indicator of diabetes and arterial stiffness in upper-middle-aged subjects.

Discussion Not only is the present study the first to apply EEMD in acquiring only six-second detrended DVP signals for assessing arterial stiffness, but it also unveiled the clinical significance of Hilbert-Huang spectrum-derived instantaneous energy of maximal energy (f Emax ) in differentiating non-diabetic middle-aged and elderly subjects from those with diabetes by showing highly significant positive associations of f Emax with key diabetes parameters and stiffness index.

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