highly significantp < 0.0001
ty} \oddsidemargin -1.0in \begin{document} \chi_{\left(1 \right)}^2 = \,\,\frac{{{{\left({532\,\, \times \,\,53\,\, - 13\,\, \times \,\,73} \right)}^2}\, \times \,\,671}}{{545\,\, \times \,\,126\,\, \times \,\,605\,\, \times \,\,66}} = 181.7 \end{document} The large chi-squared value evidenced a highly significant association between postoperative nausea and vomiting in surgical patients ( p < 0.0001), and the hypothesis of independence between the two symptoms was rejected.