highly significantP < .001
At 24 hours, both L24 and S24 groups exhibited a highly significant increase in relation to C24 (from 3.36 ± 0.53 pg/mL, n = 10, to 36.76 ± 0.53 pg/mL, n = 10, and 20.62 ± 7.23 pg/mL, n = 10, respectively, P < .001) with the L24 levels also being highly significantly increased ( P < .001) compared with the S24 levels, thus confirming that the TNF-α serum levels are clearly related to the length of skin incision ( Figure 3 ).