A coalescent sampler successfully detects biologically meaningful population structure overlooked by <i>F</i>-statistics.

In particular, when N e = 10 6 , Φ ST was more likely to be significant with distance at N e m = 10, while θ was more likely to be significant with distance when N e m = 1,000. Φ ST ranged from 18% to 86% of datasets with a significant relationship to distance while θ ranged from 12% to 98%.

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