Can house sparrows recognize familiar or kin-related individuals by scent?

Curr Zool · 2019 · PMC6347097 · PMID 30697238

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0030

closest p · 0.1× alpha

0.0030

boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantP = 0.003actually significant

The effect of the odorous stimuli was, however, highly significant (GLMM, R 2 M = 0.10, R 2 C = 0.21, χ 2 = 13.618, P = 0.003) whereas we did not find a significant effect of season (χ 2 = 0.845, P = 0.358).

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