Human papillomavirus 16 sub-lineage dispersal and cervical cancer risk worldwide: Whole viral genome sequences from 7116 HPV16-positive women.

In East Asia, this difference was driven by a significant association of A3 (OR=2.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0–4.7) and A4 (OR = 6.6, 95%CI 3.1–14.1) sub-lineages with cancer; in North America, by a significant association of A4 (OR = 3.8, 95%CI 1.7–8.3) and D (6.2, 95%CI 4.1–9.3) (sub)lineages with cancer; and in South/Central America by a borderline significant association of A4 (OR not defined, 95%CI = 1.0 - ∞) and D (OR = 2.2, 95%CI 0.8–4.7) lineages with cancer ( Table 2 ).

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