l-version no pmc-prop-is-scanned-article no pmc-prop-preprint no pmc-prop-in-epmc yes pmc-license-ref CC BY issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2019 Introduction Tropical cyclones (TCs) are one of the most costly natural hazards impacting on coastal regions across the world 1 – 3 and there is an increasing trend of TC related billion-dollar disasters in the US 4 .
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