The percentage of the built-up area increased from 5.11% in 1988 to 9.85% in 2001 and 17.29% in 2017, while the percentage of vegetation cover was 12.45%, 8.71%, and 6.80% in 1988, 2001, and 2017, respectively, with a decreasing trend.
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The Urban Heat Island in an Urban Context: A Case Study of Mashhad, Iran.
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