On the emerging relationship between the stratospheric Quasi-Biennial oscillation and the Madden-Julian oscillation.

A consistent explanation for the increasing correlation of the MJO amplitude with the QBO since ~1960 is an increasing trend of the MJO amplitude during QBOE, and possibly a decreasing trend in MJO amplitude during QBOW.

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Although the observed QBO-MJO relationship is highly significant and strong (i.e., the QBO explains ~50% of the year-to-year variance of boreal winter MJO activity 5 , 25 , 27 , 28 ), the relationship has been established using the relatively short record of data during the satellite era (post mid-1970s) when the global behavior of the MJO is well constrained by satellite observations of convection.

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