highly significantp < 0.0001
Although there were no marked differences between the groups, BDNF levels tended to increase immediately after exercise in both the PLA ( p < 0.001) and GTE (no significant changes) groups as well as post 1 h of recovery in both PLA ( p < 0.05) and GTE (no significant changes) groups, compared to values recorded at rest as reflected by a highly significant time effect (F = 13.73, p < 0.0001; η 2 = 0.49).