A Qualitative Systematic Review of Effects of Provider Characteristics and Nonverbal Behavior on Pain, and Placebo and Nocebo Effects.

Front Psychiatry · 2019 · PMC6476260 · PMID 31037059

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marginally significantno p-value reported

Ten of these 15 studies investigated the interaction of experimenter and subject sex: Three studies showed that, compared to male experimenters, female experimenters induced higher pain thresholds ( 54 ), lower pain intensities ( 19 , 25 ), and marginally significant lower pain unpleasantness ( 25 ) in male subjects.

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